library(MASS)
data(Boston)
str(Boston)
head(Boston)
dim(Boston)
Data = Boston[,c(1,3,5,6)]

# summary statistics 
summary(Data)
mean(Data)
var(Data)
cor(Data)
attach(Data)

# plots
boxplot(Data)
par(mfrow = c(2,2))
hist(crim); hist(indus);
hist(nox);hist(rm);
par(mfrow = c(1,1))
plot(Data)

# transformation of data 
Data <- within(Data,{crim = log10(crim)})
plot(Data)

# standardization of data
DataS <- scale(Data)
summary(DataS)
mean(DataS)
var(DataS)
cor(DataS)
pairs(DataS)